The torque converter is a kind of fluid coupling that is widely used as a start-up device for automobiles equipped with an automatic transmission.A lock-up clutch is often incorporated in the torque converter in order to improve vehicle fuel economy in the higher speed ratio range.This improvement is obtained because the lock-up clutch can reduce f
Ecotoxicology is concerned with describing and predicting the behaviour of substances in the environment and the response of biological systems, and ultimately with assessing the risks associated with emissions.These assessments are complicated from a basic-science point of view and they should be carried out by using integrative assessments.Contam
Background Sexual selection and conflicts within and between sexes promote morphological diversity of reproductive traits within species.Variation in the morphology of diagnostic reproductive characters within species offer an excellent opportunity to study these evolutionary processes as drivers of species diversification.The African monarch, Dana
Background/Aims: Doxorubicin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, but its clinical use is restricted because of a high risk of cardiotoxicity.Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) may repair ischaemically damaged myocardium through transdifferentiation and paracrine action.The aim of this study is to investigate if doxorubicin caus